Guideline for Author

INTRODUCTION

The Introduction should briefly and concisely present the research background and clearly state the research objectives. Extensive theoretical support is not required in this section; however, references to relevant previous studies may be included where appropriate.

METHODS

The Methods section should clearly describe the research procedures and techniques employed in the study. Research procedures and techniques may differ from one study to another. If they are entirely identical to previous studies, the research may merely replicate existing work. However, this does not mean that all elements must be different. For example, the research population may be the same, while the sampling technique, data collection methods, data analysis procedures, or other components may differ. Authors are required to provide a clear and detailed explanation of the methodology used, rather than simply copying descriptions from previous studies. If the study is classified under a particular research category (e.g., qualitative, quantitative, experimental, survey, or mixed methods), the classification should be carefully justified and appropriately described, not merely reproduced from general research methodology theory. This section may be divided into several subsections if necessary, but numbering of subsections is not required.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This section presents the research findings in a concise form, followed by data analysis and interpretation of the results. Existing theories should be used to interpret the findings; however, they must not be copied and pasted. Instead, authors should paraphrase and integrate theoretical perspectives appropriately to support their interpretation. In terms of proportion, this section should constitute the largest part of the manuscript, typically around 50% or more of the total content. Most of the references listed in the bibliography should be cited and discussed in this section using in-text citations (stating only the author’s last name and year of publication). This section may be divided into several subsections if necessary, but numbering of subsections is not required.

CONCLUSION

The Conclusion should directly address the research objectives and present a concise summary of the research findings. It should not restate theoretical discussions, but rather clearly articulate the main results and contributions of the study.

REFERENCES

This section should include only the sources that are actually cited in the manuscript. Therefore, every reference listed here must have been cited in the preceding sections of the paper. The reference formatting should follow the Vancouver style (superscript citation format) and be managed using reference management software such as Mendeley.