HUBUNGAN PAPARAN ASAP ROKOK DENGAN KEJADIAN PNEUMONIA PADA BALITA DI RUANGAN ANAK RSUD MOKOPIDO TOLITOLI

Abstract

Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children under five, with tobacco smoke exposure identified as a modifiable environmental risk factor. This study aimed to analyze the association between Second Hand Smoke (SHS) and Third Hand Smoke (THS) exposure and the incidence of pneumonia among under-five children in the pediatric ward of Mokopido Regional Hospital, Tolitoli. This quantitative study employed an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach involving 39 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a tobacco smoke exposure questionnaire and medical record observations, then analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The results showed that 33.3% of children were exposed to SHS and 38.5% were exposed to THS. There was a significant association between SHS exposure and pneumonia incidence (p = 0.011; OR = 6.11) and between THS exposure and pneumonia incidence (p = 0.010; OR = 6.0). Children exposed to tobacco smoke had approximately six times higher risk of developing pneumonia compared to those not exposed. In conclusion, household tobacco smoke exposure is significantly associated with pneumonia among under-five children, highlighting the importance of smoking control and home environmental improvements as preventive strategies.